Anthracycline Patient Handout

What are Anthracyclines?

Anthracyclines are a class of chemotherapy medications used to treat various types of cancer, including breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and sarcomas. Common anthracyclines include doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, and idarubicin. These medications work by interfering with the DNA inside cancer cells, preventing their replication and growth.

How are Anthracyclines Administered?

• Anthracyclines are administered as intravenous (IV) infusions in a hospital or clinic setting.
• The dose and frequency of treatment depend on your type of cancer, body size, and treatment plan as determined by your oncologist.
• To protect your heart, your doctor may limit the total lifetime dose of anthracyclines you receive.

Possible Side Effects

Anthracyclines can cause side effects. Common ones include:

• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Hair loss
• Low blood cell counts (white cells, red cells, and platelets), which may increase the risk of infections, anemia, or bleeding
• Mouth sores

Less common but serious side effects:

• Heart problems, including weakening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)
• Severe infections due to low white blood cell counts (neutropenia)
• Darkening of nail beds or skin at the infusion site
• Secondary cancers (rare but possible with long-term use)

If you experience severe or unusual symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Precautions Before Starting Anthracyclines

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of:
  • Heart problems, such as congestive heart failure or arrhythmias
  • Liver or kidney problems
  • Any other significant medical conditions
• Discuss all medications, vitamins, or supplements you are taking.
• Use effective contraception during treatment and for a period afterward, as anthracyclines can harm an unborn baby.
• Avoid live vaccines during treatment.

Managing Side Effects

• Nausea and vomiting: Anti-nausea medications may be prescribed. Eat small, bland meals as needed.
• Low blood counts: Take precautions to avoid infections, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding sick individuals.
• Heart health: Report any chest pain, shortness of breath, or swelling in your legs to your doctor immediately.
• Mouth sores: Use a soft toothbrush and rinse your mouth with a saltwater solution to reduce irritation.

When to Contact Your Physician

• Immediately:
  • If you experience fever, chills, or signs of infection.
  • If you have chest pain, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeat.
  • If you notice swelling in your legs or abdomen.
• As soon as possible:
  • If you experience persistent nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
  • If you notice unusual bruising or bleeding.

Storage and Handling

• Anthracyclines are administered by healthcare professionals and are not stored at home.

Disclaimer: This handout is intended for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always follow the guidance of your healthcare provider regarding your medications and health conditions.