Patient Handout: Capecitabine

What is Capecitabine?

Capecitabine is an oral chemotherapy medication used to treat various types of cancer, including breast cancer, colon cancer, and stomach cancer. It works by interfering with the growth of cancer cells, slowing their ability to divide and spread. Capecitabine is often prescribed when cancer has spread to other parts of the body or when other treatments have not been effective.

Capecitabine is typically used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs depending on the cancer type and treatment plan your doctor has outlined.

How Does Capecitabine Work?

Capecitabine is a prodrug, meaning it is converted into the active form of the drug (5-fluorouracil, or 5-FU) after it is absorbed into the body. Once in its active form, 5-FU targets and destroys cancer cells by disrupting their DNA and preventing their growth.

How to Take Capecitabine

• Form: Capecitabine comes in the form of tablets that you take by mouth.
• Dosage: The exact dosage will depend on your cancer type, medical condition, and your doctor’s instructions. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage exactly. Do not take more or less than your doctor recommends.
• When to Take: Capecitabine is usually taken twice a day, with food, to help reduce the chances of stomach upset. Take the medication at the same time every day to help remember.
• Swallowing: Swallow the tablets whole. Do not crush, chew, or break them.
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. If it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the usual time. Do not take two doses at once.

Possible Side Effects

Capecitabine can cause side effects, some of which can be serious. It’s important to monitor your health and report any new or unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider.

Common Side Effects:

• Diarrhea: Diarrhea is a common side effect. Drink plenty of fluids, and contact your doctor if diarrhea becomes severe or persistent.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Some people may experience nausea or vomiting, especially in the first few days of treatment. Taking anti-nausea medications as prescribed can help manage this.
• Hand and Foot Syndrome: This includes symptoms like redness, swelling, pain, or peeling of the skin on the hands and feet. If you notice any of these signs, inform your healthcare provider immediately.
• Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak is common. Rest, stay hydrated, and avoid strenuous activities if necessary.
• Loss of Appetite: You may experience a reduced appetite. Eating smaller, more frequent meals may help.

Serious Side Effects:

• Severe Diarrhea or Dehydration: If you experience severe diarrhea or signs of dehydration (dry mouth, dizziness, or reduced urination), contact your doctor immediately.
• Mouth Sores: Capecitabine can cause sores in the mouth or throat. Rinse your mouth with warm salt water to help reduce irritation and inform your doctor if sores become severe.
• Severe Skin Reactions: If you notice any new or worsening skin changes, such as redness, blistering, or peeling, contact your doctor immediately.
• Chest Pain or Shortness of Breath: If you experience chest pain, difficulty breathing, or persistent cough, seek medical attention right away.
• Signs of Infection: If you experience fever, chills, sore throat, or unusual weakness, these may be signs of infection and require immediate medical attention.

Precautions Before Taking Capecitabine

Before starting capecitabine, inform your doctor about:

• Kidney or Liver Issues: If you have a history of kidney or liver disease, your doctor may need to adjust your dosage or monitor you more closely during treatment.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Capecitabine may harm an unborn baby. Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Effective birth control is recommended during treatment.
• Other Medications: Tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some medications may interact with capecitabine and affect how it works or increase the risk of side effects.
• Dehydration: Make sure to stay well-hydrated, as capecitabine can increase the risk of dehydration, especially if you experience diarrhea or vomiting.

What to Avoid While Taking Capecitabine

• Infections: Capecitabine can lower your immune system’s ability to fight infections. Avoid contact with people who have infections or illnesses.
• Grapefruit: Avoid consuming grapefruit or grapefruit juice, as it may interfere with how capecitabine is processed in your body and increase the risk of side effects.

Regular Monitoring

Your healthcare provider will monitor your treatment with regular blood tests to check for side effects, including changes in liver or kidney function and blood cell counts. You may also need other tests to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment. It is important to attend all follow-up appointments.

When to Contact Your Doctor

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Severe diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting
• Severe or persistent mouth sores or skin reactions (especially hand-foot syndrome)
• Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, dizziness, reduced urination)
• Chest pain, shortness of breath, or persistent cough
• Symptoms of infection (fever, chills, sore throat, unusual weakness)

Disclaimer:

This handout is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider regarding treatment and care. For personalized advice, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist.