Cyclophosphamide Patient Handout

What is Cyclophosphamide?

Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapy medication used to treat various types of cancer, including breast cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, and ovarian cancer. It is also used in some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Cyclophosphamide works by interfering with the DNA of rapidly dividing cells, preventing their growth and replication.

How is Cyclophosphamide Administered?

• Cyclophosphamide can be administered in two ways:
  • Intravenous (IV) infusion in a hospital or clinic setting.
  • Oral tablets taken at home as directed by your healthcare provider.
• Your dose and treatment schedule depend on your specific condition, body weight, and other medications you may be taking.

Possible Side Effects

Cyclophosphamide can cause side effects. Common ones include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue
• Temporary hair loss
• Loss of appetite
• Low blood cell counts (white cells, red cells, and platelets), increasing the risk of infections, anemia, or bleeding

Less common but serious side effects:

• Bladder irritation or bleeding (hemorrhagic cystitis)
• Infertility
• Secondary cancers (rare but possible with long-term use)
• Severe infections due to low white blood cell counts

If you experience severe or unusual symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Precautions Before Starting Cyclophosphamide

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of:
  • Kidney or liver problems
  • Bladder issues or frequent urinary tract infections
  • Heart problems
  • Any other medical conditions
• Discuss all medications, vitamins, or supplements you are taking.
• Use effective contraception during treatment and for a period afterward, as Cyclophosphamide can harm an unborn baby.
• Avoid live vaccines during treatment.

Managing Side Effects

• Nausea and vomiting: Anti-nausea medications may be prescribed. Eat small, bland meals if needed.
• Low blood counts: Take precautions to avoid infections, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding sick individuals.
• Bladder irritation: Drink plenty of fluids to help flush the bladder, as recommended by your doctor.
• Fatigue: Rest as needed and maintain a balanced diet.

When to Contact Your Physician

• Immediately:
  • If you experience fever, chills, or signs of infection.
  • If you notice blood in your urine or experience painful urination.
  • If you develop difficulty breathing or swelling.
• As soon as possible:
  • If you experience persistent nausea or vomiting.
  • If you notice unusual bruising or bleeding.
  • If you have significant fatigue or weakness.

Storage and Handling

• Oral tablets:
  • Store at room temperature (68°F to 77°F or 20°C to 25°C).
  • Keep the medication in its original container, away from moisture and light.
  • Keep out of reach of children.
• Cyclophosphamide IV is handled and administered by healthcare professionals.

Disclaimer: This handout is intended for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always follow the guidance of your healthcare provider regarding your medications and health conditions.