Patient Handout: Gemcitabine (Gemzar)

What is Gemcitabine?

Gemcitabine, sold under the brand name Gemzar, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat various types of cancer, including:

• Pancreatic cancer
• Non-small cell lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Bladder cancer

How Does Gemcitabine Work?

Gemcitabine is a type of chemotherapy known as an antimetabolite. It mimics the building blocks of DNA, and when it gets incorporated into the DNA during cell division, it disrupts the process, leading to cell death. This action helps slow or stop the growth of cancer cells.

How is Gemcitabine Given?

Gemcitabine is typically given by intravenous (IV) infusion, which means the medication is injected directly into your vein.

• Treatment Schedule: The treatment schedule will depend on the type of cancer being treated and your individual needs. Typically, gemcitabine is given once a week or every two weeks.
• Infusion Duration: Each infusion usually takes about 30 minutes to 1 hour. Your healthcare team will monitor you during the infusion.

Possible Side Effects

Gemcitabine can cause side effects. Some side effects may be serious, while others may be more mild. Be sure to contact your healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea and Vomiting: You may feel nauseous or vomit, especially after treatment. Anti-nausea medications may be given to help manage these symptoms.
• Fatigue: Many people feel more tired than usual while undergoing treatment with gemcitabine. Rest when needed, but let your healthcare provider know if fatigue is severe.
• Low Blood Cell Counts: Gemcitabine can lower the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in your blood. This can lead to anemia (low red blood cells), increased risk of infections (low white blood cells), and easy bruising or bleeding (low platelets). Symptoms may include:
  • Unusual tiredness or weakness (anemia)
  • Fever, chills, or infections (low white blood cells)
  • Easy bruising or bleeding (low platelets)

Your doctor will monitor your blood counts regularly during treatment.

• Hair Thinning or Hair Loss: Hair thinning or hair loss is a common side effect of chemotherapy. This is usually temporary, and your hair will likely grow back after treatment is finished.
• Mouth Sores (Stomatitis): Painful sores or ulcers in the mouth can occur. Rinsing your mouth with saltwater or using mouthwash may help alleviate the discomfort.
• Loss of Appetite: Some patients experience a decrease in appetite. Eating smaller, more frequent meals may help.

Serious Side Effects:

• Liver Problems: Gemcitabine can affect liver function. Symptoms of liver issues include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, or abdominal pain. Notify your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms.
• Infections: Since gemcitabine can lower your white blood cell count, it increases your risk of infections. Contact your healthcare provider if you develop fever, chills, or other signs of infection.
• Severe Allergic Reaction: Although rare, some people may have an allergic reaction to gemcitabine. Signs of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or difficulty breathing. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical help.
• Fluid Retention: Gemcitabine may cause swelling in the legs, arms, or face. Notify your healthcare provider if you notice significant swelling or weight gain.

Precautions Before Taking Gemcitabine

Before starting gemcitabine, inform your healthcare provider if you:

• Have liver problems: Since gemcitabine is processed by the liver, it’s important for your doctor to know if you have any liver conditions.
• Have kidney problems: Gemcitabine may affect kidney function, so your doctor may monitor your kidney health.
• Have heart problems: Gemcitabine may cause changes in your heart function, especially when used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. Discuss any heart conditions with your doctor.
• Are pregnant or planning to become pregnant: Gemcitabine can harm an unborn baby, so it’s important to avoid pregnancy during treatment. Use effective contraception while undergoing treatment and for a period after finishing the medication.
• Are breastfeeding: Gemcitabine passes into breast milk, so breastfeeding is not recommended while undergoing treatment.
• Are taking other medications: Some medications can interact with gemcitabine. Be sure to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are currently taking, including prescription, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements.

What to Avoid While Taking Gemcitabine

• Infections: Since gemcitabine lowers your immune system, avoid contact with people who are sick, and practice good hygiene by washing your hands frequently.
• Live Vaccines: Live vaccines may not be safe during chemotherapy treatment. Consult your healthcare provider before receiving any vaccinations while on gemcitabine.
• Pregnancy: Do not become pregnant during treatment, as gemcitabine can cause harm to an unborn baby. Both men and women should use effective contraception during treatment and for some time after therapy.

Regular Monitoring

Your healthcare provider will monitor your health during treatment with gemcitabine. This may include:

• Blood Tests: Regular blood tests will be done to check your red and white blood cell counts, liver and kidney function, and overall health.
• Symptom Monitoring: Your doctor will also monitor for side effects like infections, liver issues, and fluid retention.
• Infection Prevention: You may be given medications to help reduce the risk of infections.

When to Contact Your Doctor

Call your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any of the following:

• Signs of infection: Fever, chills, sore throat, or persistent cough.
• Liver problems: Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, or upper stomach pain.
• Signs of low blood cell counts: Unusual tiredness, easy bruising, or bleeding, or signs of an infection.
• Severe allergic reaction: Rash, itching, swelling, or trouble breathing.
• Severe mouth sores: Painful sores that make it difficult to eat or drink.
• Swelling or fluid retention: Swelling in the legs, arms, or face, or unexpected weight gain.

Disclaimer:

This handout is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider regarding treatment and care. For personalized advice, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist.