Patient Handout: Olaparib (Lynparza)

What is Olaparib?

Olaparib, sold under the brand name Lynparza, is a medication used to treat certain types of cancer. It is a PARP inhibitor and works by interfering with the ability of cancer cells to repair their DNA. This helps prevent the cancer cells from growing and spreading. Olaparib is used for treating:

• Ovarian cancer (including advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer)
• Breast cancer (in patients with a BRCA mutation)
• Prostate cancer (in patients with a BRCA mutation or other specific gene mutations)
• Pancreatic cancer (in patients with a BRCA mutation)

It is typically prescribed for patients whose cancer has specific genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2) or those who have already tried other treatments without success.

How Does Olaparib Work?

Olaparib works by targeting the PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) enzyme, which helps repair DNA damage in cells. In cancer cells, this enzyme can make the cells repair themselves even after DNA damage occurs. By inhibiting PARP, olaparib prevents the repair of DNA damage, leading to cancer cell death. Normal cells can still repair their DNA, but cancer cells are more affected, which can help slow or stop cancer growth.

How is Olaparib Taken?

Olaparib is taken as an oral tablet:

• Dosage: The usual dose is 400 mg (2 tablets of 200 mg each) taken twice daily. Your doctor may adjust your dose depending on your specific situation and how well you tolerate the medication.
• When to Take: Take olaparib at the same time every day, preferably with or without food.
• How to Take: Swallow the tablets whole with a glass of water. Do not chew, crush, or break the tablets.
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose—do not take two doses at the same time.

Possible Side Effects

Olaparib can cause side effects. Some side effects are common, while others may be more serious. Talk to your healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:

Common Side Effects:

• Fatigue: You may feel unusually tired or weak. Be sure to rest when needed, but inform your doctor if fatigue becomes severe.
• Nausea: Some patients experience nausea. Anti-nausea medications can help alleviate this.
• Loss of Appetite: You may experience a loss of appetite. Eating smaller, more frequent meals may help.
• Anemia: Olaparib may lower the number of red blood cells, which can cause anemia. Symptoms of anemia include feeling weak, tired, or short of breath.
• Diarrhea: Diarrhea is a possible side effect. Staying hydrated and managing it early with medication can help prevent dehydration.

Serious Side Effects:

• Low Blood Counts: Olaparib may reduce the number of blood cells in your body, which could lead to:
  • Low white blood cell count (which may increase your risk of infection)
  • Low red blood cell count (which may cause anemia)
  • Low platelet count (which may increase the risk of bleeding)
  • Your doctor will monitor your blood counts regularly during treatment.
• Lung Problems: Some patients may experience symptoms like shortness of breath or cough. If you notice these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.
• Bone Marrow Suppression: If olaparib significantly affects your bone marrow, it can lead to severe conditions like low white blood cell count, low red blood cell count, and low platelet levels, making you more vulnerable to infections and bleeding.
• Severe Nausea or Vomiting: If nausea or vomiting is severe and not controlled by medication, talk to your healthcare provider.
• Secondary Cancer: Rarely, using PARP inhibitors like olaparib may increase the risk of developing another cancer, such as leukemia. Your doctor will monitor for this during treatment.

Precautions Before Taking Olaparib

Before starting olaparib, inform your doctor if you:

• Have kidney or liver problems: Olaparib is processed in the liver and kidneys, so it’s important to tell your doctor if you have a history of liver or kidney issues.
• Are pregnant or planning to become pregnant: Olaparib can harm an unborn baby. You should avoid pregnancy while taking this medication and for at least 6 months after your treatment. Always use effective birth control during and after treatment.
• Are breastfeeding: Olaparib can pass into breast milk, so it is not recommended for breastfeeding. You should not breastfeed during treatment and for at least 1 month after stopping treatment.
• Have a history of blood disorders: Olaparib can affect your blood counts. If you have a history of blood disorders, inform your doctor before starting treatment.

What to Avoid While Taking Olaparib

• Pregnancy: As mentioned, olaparib can harm an unborn baby. Use effective birth control to avoid pregnancy during treatment and for several months after completing treatment.
• Grapefruit and Grapefruit Juice: Grapefruit can increase the level of olaparib in your blood, leading to more side effects. Avoid grapefruit and its juice while taking olaparib.
• Infections: Since olaparib can affect your immune system, it is important to avoid contact with people who have infections.

Regular Monitoring

Your healthcare provider will monitor your health during treatment with olaparib. This may include:

• Blood Tests: Regular blood tests will be done to check for changes in blood cell counts and liver function. You will likely have these tests before starting treatment and regularly during treatment.
• Kidney and Liver Function: Olaparib can affect the liver and kidneys, so your doctor will monitor these functions throughout your treatment.
• Progress of Cancer: Your doctor will monitor how your cancer responds to olaparib, adjusting treatment as necessary.

When to Contact Your Doctor

Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any of the following:

• Signs of Infection: Fever, chills, cough, or pain when urinating, as these may indicate an infection.
• Shortness of Breath or Cough: These may be signs of lung problems.
• Severe Nausea or Vomiting: If nausea or vomiting becomes uncontrollable and you cannot eat or drink, inform your doctor.
• Bruising or Bleeding: Unusual bruising or bleeding (e.g., nosebleeds, gums bleeding, or cuts that do not stop bleeding).
• Extreme Fatigue: If you feel unusually tired or weak and it affects your ability to carry out normal activities.

Disclaimer:

This handout is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider regarding treatment and care. For personalized advice, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist.